Feeling hormonal???

If you are, I don't blame you. I know there is quite a bit of memorization for this week. Learn it! It will help you in almost every bio class you have here on out. This week the anatomical structures aren't too difficult, but make sure you know what hormone(s) they all secrete and the effect of those hormones.

Things to remember:
-The part of the pituitary that is connected to the stock is the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary). The neurohypophysis doesn't produce any hormones, it simply stores them for secretion. While the adenohypophysis is usually darker/brighter (because of the acidophilic chromophils), color can sometimes be deceiving.

All three pictures here show the division between the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis, What cells can you see in the last picture? You should be able to point out 5 kinds and know what they secrete. 

-Thyroid/parathyroid: The parathyroid sits on the thyroid. Remember that the thyroid has minimal CT which is how you can distinguish it from the mammary. Where on the picture below would you find follicular cells? Parafollicular cells? What do they both secrete??

Thyroid Gland

Border between thyroid and parathyroid.

Parathyroid - You can see principal/chief cells, oxyphil cells and unilocular adipocytes in this shot. Can you point each of them out? Remember that chief cells are the smartest, look like brains (chromatin) and the oxyphil cells are more dense looking. 

-Pancreas - 

Where in this picture would you find beta cells? Alpha cells? What do they secrete? What secretes somatostatin? What does it do? Sorry for so many questions :) 

-Know the layers of the adrenal gland!! It's easy to identify the medulla, then if asked to point to a specific layer (zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis), point to the outside, middle or inside of the cortex, respectively. Know what each zone secretes (both the general class of hormones and a specific example, e.g. glucocorticoids and cortisol). The four pictures that follow are all of the same gland.

Human adrenal gland! It's important to keep the bigger picture in mind. 

Zoomed in... Can you name the three layers of the cortex and find the medulla? What doe the layers of the cortex secrete? The medulla?

Find the medulla..................
Trick question! There is no medulla in this shot, just doubled up cortex. See the pic below for an explanation.

-Finally, the picture on p. 54 of your lab book is a cross section of a villus in the small intestine. You will find argentaffin cells all along the villus if you look. They are darker and wedge shaped. Know what they secrete!! Check out the picture below that is stained a bit differently than what you're used to seeing. The arrow is pointing to the enteroendocrine/argentaffin cell. Notice the difference between it and the goblet cells below it (goblet cells have no noticeable nucleus). 

Good luck! Let me know if you have any questions.